[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":663},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pluscuamperfecto-subjuntivo-en":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":649,"extension":650,"meta":651,"navigation":658,"path":659,"seo":660,"stem":661,"__hash__":662},"content/pluscuamperfecto-subjuntivo/en.md","Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo: How to Form It in Spanish?",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":640},"minimark",[9,73,88,159,319,440,580,626,635],[10,11,12,13,12,35],"section",{},"\n  ",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25,26,30,31,34],"p",{},"\n    The ",[18,19,20],"strong",{},"pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo"," (Spanish past perfect\n    subjunctive / pluperfect subjunctive) expresses ",[18,23,24],{},"unreal or\n    hypothetical actions prior to another point in the past",". It's the\n    subjunctive tense used in unreal past conditionals («If I ",[27,28,29],"em",{},"had","… I\n    would ",[27,32,33],{},"have","…»).\n  ",[36,37,38,39,38,51,38,62,12],"ul",{},"\n    ",[40,41,42,43,50],"li",{},"Unreal past condition: ",[27,44,45,46,49],{},"Si ",[18,47,48],{},"hubiera sabido",", no habría ido."," (If I had known, I wouldn't have gone.)",[40,52,53,54,61],{},"Prior hypothetical action: ",[27,55,56,57,60],{},"Esperaba que ya ",[18,58,59],{},"hubieras llegado","."," (I hoped you had already arrived.)",[40,63,64,65,72],{},"Regret: ",[27,66,67,68,71],{},"Ojalá ",[18,69,70],{},"hubiera estudiado"," más."," (I wish I had studied more.)",[14,74,75],{},[76,77,87],"a",{"href":78,"className":79},"/dashboard",[80,81,82,83,84,85,86],"btn","btn-primary","btn-lg","px-4","py-2","d-inline-block","mb-4","Practice Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo",[10,89,12,90,12,95,12,113],{},[91,92,94],"h2",{"id":93},"what-is-the-pluscuamperfecto-de-subjuntivo-used-for","What is the pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo used for?",[14,96,97,98,101,102,105,106,105,109,112],{},"\n    It's used to talk about ",[18,99,100],{},"unreal or unrealized situations in the\n    past",", prior to another past reference point. It appears especially\n    after ",[27,103,104],{},"si",", ",[27,107,108],{},"ojalá",[27,110,111],{},"como si"," and after main verbs in\n    the past or conditional.\n  ",[36,114,38,115,38,125,38,135,38,149,12],{},[40,116,117,118,124],{},"Unreal past conditionals: ",[27,119,45,120,123],{},[18,121,122],{},"hubiéramos salido"," antes, no habríamos perdido el tren."," (If we had left earlier, we wouldn't have missed the train.)",[40,126,127,128,134],{},"Impossible wishes: ",[27,129,67,130,133],{},[18,131,132],{},"hubieras venido"," a la fiesta."," (I wish you had come to the party.)",[40,136,137,138,140,141,148],{},"After ",[27,139,111],{},": ",[27,142,143,144,147],{},"Habla como si lo ",[18,145,146],{},"hubiera visto"," todo."," (He talks as if he had seen everything.)",[40,150,151,152,158],{},"After verbs of doubt or emotion in the past: ",[27,153,154,155,157],{},"Me alegré de que ",[18,156,59],{}," bien."," (I was glad that you had arrived safely.)",[10,160,12,161,12,165,12,187,12,206],{},[91,162,164],{"id":163},"how-is-the-pluscuamperfecto-de-subjuntivo-formed","How is the pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo formed?",[14,166,167,168,171,172,178,179,182,183,186],{},"\n    It's a ",[18,169,170],{},"compound tense",": it's built with the\n    ",[18,173,174,175],{},"imperfecto de subjuntivo of ",[27,176,177],{},"haber","\n    (",[27,180,181],{},"hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran",")\n    followed by the ",[18,184,185],{},"past participle"," of the main verb.\n  ",[14,188,189,190,193,194,197,198,201,202,205],{},"\n    The participle is invariable: it ends in ",[18,191,192],{},"-ado"," for -ar\n    verbs (",[27,195,196],{},"hablado",") and in ",[18,199,200],{},"-ido"," for -er and -ir verbs\n    (",[27,203,204],{},"comido, vivido",").\n  ",[207,208,38,209,12],"div",{},[210,211,212,213,212,234,38],"table",{},"\n      ",[214,215,216,217,212],"thead",{},"\n        ",[218,219,220,221,220,225,220,228,220,231,216],"tr",{},"\n          ",[222,223,224],"th",{},"Person",[222,226,227],{},"hablar (-ar)",[222,229,230],{},"comer (-er)",[222,232,233],{},"vivir (-ir)",[235,236,216,237,216,252,216,266,216,277,216,291,216,305,212],"tbody",{},[218,238,239,243,246,249],{},[240,241,242],"td",{},"yo",[240,244,245],{},"hubiera hablado",[240,247,248],{},"hubiera comido",[240,250,251],{},"hubiera vivido",[218,253,254,257,260,263],{},[240,255,256],{},"tú",[240,258,259],{},"hubieras hablado",[240,261,262],{},"hubieras comido",[240,264,265],{},"hubieras vivido",[218,267,268,271,273,275],{},[240,269,270],{},"él / ella / usted",[240,272,245],{},[240,274,248],{},[240,276,251],{},[218,278,279,282,285,288],{},[240,280,281],{},"nosotros",[240,283,284],{},"hubiéramos hablado",[240,286,287],{},"hubiéramos comido",[240,289,290],{},"hubiéramos vivido",[218,292,293,296,299,302],{},[240,294,295],{},"vosotros",[240,297,298],{},"hubierais hablado",[240,300,301],{},"hubierais comido",[240,303,304],{},"hubierais vivido",[218,306,307,310,313,316],{},[240,308,309],{},"ellos / ustedes",[240,311,312],{},"hubieran hablado",[240,314,315],{},"hubieran comido",[240,317,318],{},"hubieran vivido",[10,320,12,321,12,325,12,350,12,422],{},[91,322,324],{"id":323},"whats-the-difference-between-hubiera-and-hubiese","What's the difference between «hubiera» and «hubiese»?",[14,326,327,328,330,331,334,335,338,339,342,343,345,346,349],{},"\n    The verb ",[27,329,177],{}," has ",[18,332,333],{},"two equivalent forms"," in the\n    imperfecto de subjuntivo: ",[18,336,337],{},"hubiera"," and ",[18,340,341],{},"hubiese",".\n    Both are accepted by the RAE and produce a valid pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo:\n    ",[27,344,245],{}," = ",[27,347,348],{},"hubiese hablado",".\n  ",[207,351,38,352,12],{},[210,353,212,354,212,366,38],{},[214,355,216,356,212],{},[218,357,220,358,220,360,220,363,216],{},[222,359,224],{},[222,361,362],{},"-ra form",[222,364,365],{},"-se form",[235,367,216,368,216,376,216,385,216,394,216,403,216,412,212],{},[218,369,370,372,374],{},[240,371,242],{},[240,373,245],{},[240,375,348],{},[218,377,378,380,382],{},[240,379,256],{},[240,381,259],{},[240,383,384],{},"hubieses hablado",[218,386,387,390,392],{},[240,388,389],{},"él",[240,391,245],{},[240,393,348],{},[218,395,396,398,400],{},[240,397,281],{},[240,399,284],{},[240,401,402],{},"hubiésemos hablado",[218,404,405,407,409],{},[240,406,295],{},[240,408,298],{},[240,410,411],{},"hubieseis hablado",[218,413,414,417,419],{},[240,415,416],{},"ellos",[240,418,312],{},[240,420,421],{},"hubiesen hablado",[14,423,424,425,431,432,435,436,439],{},"\n    Today ",[18,426,427,428,430],{},"the ",[27,429,337],{}," form is the most widespread"," in\n    speech and writing. ",[27,433,434],{},"Hubiese"," is more frequent in literary or formal\n    styles. In our app we train only the ",[18,437,438],{},"-ra"," form.\n  ",[10,441,12,442,12,446,12,452],{},[91,443,445],{"id":444},"which-participles-are-irregular","Which participles are irregular?",[14,447,448,449,451],{},"\n    As with any compound tense, irregularities appear in the\n    ",[18,450,185],{},". If the participle is irregular, the whole\n    pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo is irregular too.\n  ",[207,453,38,454,12],{},[210,455,212,456,212,469,38],{},[214,457,216,458,212],{},[218,459,220,460,220,463,220,466,216],{},[222,461,462],{},"Infinitive",[222,464,465],{},"Participle",[222,467,468],{},"yo (plusc. subj.)",[235,470,216,471,216,482,216,493,216,504,216,514,216,525,216,536,216,547,216,558,216,569,212],{},[218,472,473,476,479],{},[240,474,475],{},"escribir",[240,477,478],{},"escrito",[240,480,481],{},"hubiera escrito",[218,483,484,487,490],{},[240,485,486],{},"abrir",[240,488,489],{},"abierto",[240,491,492],{},"hubiera abierto",[218,494,495,498,501],{},[240,496,497],{},"morir",[240,499,500],{},"muerto",[240,502,503],{},"hubiera muerto",[218,505,506,509,512],{},[240,507,508],{},"ver",[240,510,511],{},"visto",[240,513,146],{},[218,515,516,519,522],{},[240,517,518],{},"poner",[240,520,521],{},"puesto",[240,523,524],{},"hubiera puesto",[218,526,527,530,533],{},[240,528,529],{},"volver",[240,531,532],{},"vuelto",[240,534,535],{},"hubiera vuelto",[218,537,538,541,544],{},[240,539,540],{},"hacer",[240,542,543],{},"hecho",[240,545,546],{},"hubiera hecho",[218,548,549,552,555],{},[240,550,551],{},"decir",[240,553,554],{},"dicho",[240,556,557],{},"hubiera dicho",[218,559,560,563,566],{},[240,561,562],{},"romper",[240,564,565],{},"roto",[240,567,568],{},"hubiera roto",[218,570,571,574,577],{},[240,572,573],{},"descubrir",[240,575,576],{},"descubierto",[240,578,579],{},"hubiera descubierto",[10,581,12,582,12,586,12,593],{},[91,583,585],{"id":584},"how-is-the-pluscuamperfecto-de-subjuntivo-used-in-unreal-past-conditionals","How is the pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo used in unreal past conditionals?",[14,587,588,589,592],{},"\n    The pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo is ",[18,590,591],{},"essential"," in unreal\n    conditionals referring to the past: «Si + pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo,\n    condicional compuesto».\n  ",[36,594,38,595,38,602,38,609,38,617,12],{},[40,596,45,597,601],{},[27,598,599],{},[18,600,70],{},", habría aprobado. (If I had studied, I would have passed.)",[40,603,45,604,608],{},[27,605,606],{},[18,607,59],{}," antes, lo habrías visto. (If you had arrived earlier, you would have seen him.)",[40,610,45,611,616],{},[27,612,613],{},[18,614,615],{},"hubiéramos sabido",", no habríamos venido. (If we had known, we wouldn't have come.)",[40,618,619,620,625],{},"Si me lo ",[27,621,622],{},[18,623,624],{},"hubieran dicho",", te habría ayudado. (If they had told me, I would have helped you.)",[10,627,12,628],{},[14,629,630,631,634],{},"\n    Want to ",[18,632,633],{},"practice"," the pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo? In\n    our app you can conjugate regular and irregular verbs with interactive\n    exercises and master unreal past conditionals.\n  ",[14,636,637],{},[76,638,87],{"href":78,"className":639},[80,81,82,83,84,85,86],{"title":641,"searchDepth":642,"depth":642,"links":643},"",2,[644,645,646,647,648],{"id":93,"depth":642,"text":94},{"id":163,"depth":642,"text":164},{"id":323,"depth":642,"text":324},{"id":444,"depth":642,"text":445},{"id":584,"depth":642,"text":585},"How to form the pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo in Spanish: hubiera hablado, hubiera comido, hubiera vivido. Rules and unreal past conditionals (If I had known...).","md",{"keywords":652},[20,653,654,245,655,656,657],"Spanish past perfect subjunctive","pluperfect subjunctive Spanish","if I had known","si hubiera sabido","Spanish conjugation",true,"/pluscuamperfecto-subjuntivo/en",{"title":5,"description":649},"pluscuamperfecto-subjuntivo/en","BosxUva76eUW_Q03bESmdwWWNuROh0wSteDLlVaYz9w",1780262142930]