[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":843},["ShallowReactive",2],{"perfecto-subjuntivo-en":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":829,"extension":830,"meta":831,"navigation":838,"path":839,"seo":840,"stem":841,"__hash__":842},"content/perfecto-subjuntivo/en.md","Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo: how to form and use it?",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":810},"minimark",[9,72,87,299,408,617,696,796,805],[10,11,12,13,12,39],"section",{},"\n  ",[14,15,16,17,21,22,26,27,30,31,34,35,38],"p",{},"\n    The ",[18,19,20],"strong",{},"Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo"," (Spanish\n    ",[23,24,25],"em",{},"present perfect subjunctive",") is formed with the\n    ",[18,28,29],{},"present subjunctive of haber"," + the ",[18,32,33],{},"past\n    participle"," of the main verb. It describes actions that are\n    ",[18,36,37],{},"completed in the past or in the future"," in clauses that\n    require the subjunctive — wishes, doubts, emotions, judgments.\n  ",[40,41,42,43,42,51,42,58,42,65,12],"ul",{},"\n    ",[44,45,46,47,50],"li",{},"Past action after an emotion verb: ",[23,48,49],{},"Me alegro de que hayan venido"," (I'm glad they have come)",[44,52,53,54,57],{},"Doubt about the past: ",[23,55,56],{},"No creo que haya llegado todavía"," (I don't think he has arrived yet)",[44,59,60,61,64],{},"Action finished before a future point: ",[23,62,63],{},"Cuando hayas terminado, llámame"," (When you have finished, call me)",[44,66,67,68,71],{},"Judgment or value statement: ",[23,69,70],{},"Es una pena que no hayas podido asistir"," (It's a pity you couldn't attend)",[14,73,74],{},[75,76,86],"a",{"href":77,"className":78},"/dashboard",[79,80,81,82,83,84,85],"btn","btn-primary","btn-lg","px-4","py-2","d-inline-block","mb-4","Practice Perfecto de Subjuntivo",[10,88,12,89,12,94,12,112,12,196,12,201],{},[90,91,93],"h2",{"id":92},"how-is-the-perfecto-de-subjuntivo-formed","How is the Perfecto de Subjuntivo formed?",[14,95,96,97,99,100,103,104,107,108,111],{},"\n    The rule is simple: ",[18,98,29],{}," +\n    ",[18,101,102],{},"past participle",". Haber is conjugated; the participle\n    stays invariable (ending in ",[23,105,106],{},"-ado"," or ",[23,109,110],{},"-ido",", except for\n    irregulars).\n  ",[113,114,42,115,12],"div",{},[116,117,118,119,118,137,42],"table",{},"\n      ",[120,121,122,123,118],"thead",{},"\n        ",[124,125,126,127,126,131,126,134,122],"tr",{},"\n          ",[128,129,130],"th",{},"Person",[128,132,133],{},"haber (subjunctive)",[128,135,136],{},"+ participle",[138,139,122,140,122,157,122,165,122,172,122,180,122,188,118],"tbody",{},[124,141,142,146,149],{},[143,144,145],"td",{},"yo",[143,147,148],{},"haya",[143,150,152,153,156],{"rowSpan":151},6,"-ar → -ado",[154,155],"br",{},"-er / -ir → -ido",[124,158,159,162],{},[143,160,161],{},"tú",[143,163,164],{},"hayas",[124,166,167,170],{},[143,168,169],{},"él / ella / usted",[143,171,148],{},[124,173,174,177],{},[143,175,176],{},"nosotros",[143,178,179],{},"hayamos",[124,181,182,185],{},[143,183,184],{},"vosotros",[143,186,187],{},"hayáis",[124,189,190,193],{},[143,191,192],{},"ellos / ustedes",[143,194,195],{},"hayan",[197,198,200],"h3",{"id":199},"regular-verbs-hablar-comer-vivir","Regular verbs: hablar, comer, vivir",[113,202,42,203,12],{},[116,204,118,205,118,220,42],{},[120,206,122,207,118],{},[124,208,126,209,126,211,126,214,126,217,122],{},[128,210,130],{},[128,212,213],{},"hablar (-ar)",[128,215,216],{},"comer (-er)",[128,218,219],{},"vivir (-ir)",[138,221,122,222,122,235,122,248,122,259,122,272,122,285,118],{},[124,223,224,226,229,232],{},[143,225,145],{},[143,227,228],{},"haya hablado",[143,230,231],{},"haya comido",[143,233,234],{},"haya vivido",[124,236,237,239,242,245],{},[143,238,161],{},[143,240,241],{},"hayas hablado",[143,243,244],{},"hayas comido",[143,246,247],{},"hayas vivido",[124,249,250,253,255,257],{},[143,251,252],{},"él/ella",[143,254,228],{},[143,256,231],{},[143,258,234],{},[124,260,261,263,266,269],{},[143,262,176],{},[143,264,265],{},"hayamos hablado",[143,267,268],{},"hayamos comido",[143,270,271],{},"hayamos vivido",[124,273,274,276,279,282],{},[143,275,184],{},[143,277,278],{},"hayáis hablado",[143,280,281],{},"hayáis comido",[143,283,284],{},"hayáis vivido",[124,286,287,290,293,296],{},[143,288,289],{},"ellos",[143,291,292],{},"hayan hablado",[143,294,295],{},"hayan comido",[143,297,298],{},"hayan vivido",[10,300,12,301,12,305,12,315,12,319,12,337,12,341,12,360,12,364,12,384,12,388],{},[90,302,304],{"id":303},"when-is-the-perfecto-de-subjuntivo-used","When is the Perfecto de Subjuntivo used?",[14,306,307,308,310,311,314],{},"The ",[23,309,20],{}," always appears in\n  subordinate clauses that require the subjunctive and refer to a\n  ",[18,312,313],{},"completed"," action. There are four main uses:",[197,316,318],{"id":317},"_1-completed-past-action-after-an-emotion-or-judgment-verb","1. Completed past action after an emotion or judgment verb",[40,320,42,321,42,326,42,331,12],{},[44,322,323,325],{},[23,324,49],{}," (I'm glad they have come) — the arrival has already happened.",[44,327,328,330],{},[23,329,70],{}," (It's a pity you couldn't attend).",[44,332,333,336],{},[23,334,335],{},"Siento que no te haya gustado la película"," (I'm sorry you didn't like the film).",[197,338,340],{"id":339},"_2-doubt-denial-or-probability-about-the-past","2. Doubt, denial, or probability about the past",[40,342,42,343,42,348,42,354,12],{},[44,344,345,347],{},[23,346,56],{}," (I don't think he has arrived yet).",[44,349,350,353],{},[23,351,352],{},"Dudo que lo haya hecho él"," (I doubt he did it).",[44,355,356,359],{},[23,357,358],{},"Es posible que ya hayan salido de casa"," (They may have already left the house).",[197,361,363],{"id":362},"_3-action-finished-before-a-future-moment","3. Action finished before a future moment",[40,365,42,366,42,372,42,378,12],{},[44,367,368,371],{},[23,369,370],{},"Cuando hayas terminado el trabajo, llámame"," (When you have finished the work, call me).",[44,373,374,377],{},[23,375,376],{},"En cuanto hayamos comido, salimos"," (As soon as we have eaten, we'll leave).",[44,379,380,383],{},[23,381,382],{},"Tan pronto como hayas leído el libro, devuélvemelo"," (As soon as you've read the book, give it back).",[197,385,387],{"id":386},"_4-wish-or-hope-about-something-that-has-already-happened","4. Wish or hope about something that has already happened",[40,389,42,390,42,396,42,402,12],{},[44,391,392,395],{},[23,393,394],{},"Espero que hayas terminado el trabajo"," (I hope you have finished the work).",[44,397,398,401],{},[23,399,400],{},"Ojalá hayan llegado bien"," (I hope they have arrived safely).",[44,403,404,407],{},[23,405,406],{},"Que tengas suerte y hayas estudiado lo suficiente"," (Good luck, and I hope you've studied enough).",[10,409,12,410,12,414,12,436,12,598,12,602],{},[90,411,413],{"id":412},"which-verbs-have-an-irregular-participle","Which verbs have an irregular participle?",[14,415,416,417,420,421,423,424,427,428,431,432,435],{},"\n    Since the ",[23,418,419],{},"Perfecto de Subjuntivo"," uses the ",[18,422,33],{},", the irregulars are the same as in ",[23,425,426],{},"Pretérito\n    Perfecto",", ",[23,429,430],{},"Pluscuamperfecto",", and ",[23,433,434],{},"Futuro Perfecto",".\n    Haber is always regular (haya, hayas…).\n  ",[113,437,42,438,12],{},[116,439,118,440,118,453,42],{},[120,441,122,442,118],{},[124,443,126,444,126,447,126,450,122],{},[128,445,446],{},"Infinitive",[128,448,449],{},"Participle",[128,451,452],{},"Example (yo)",[138,454,122,455,122,466,122,477,122,488,122,499,122,510,122,521,122,532,122,543,122,554,122,565,122,576,122,587,118],{},[124,456,457,460,463],{},[143,458,459],{},"abrir",[143,461,462],{},"abierto",[143,464,465],{},"haya abierto",[124,467,468,471,474],{},[143,469,470],{},"cubrir",[143,472,473],{},"cubierto",[143,475,476],{},"haya cubierto",[124,478,479,482,485],{},[143,480,481],{},"descubrir",[143,483,484],{},"descubierto",[143,486,487],{},"haya descubierto",[124,489,490,493,496],{},[143,491,492],{},"decir",[143,494,495],{},"dicho",[143,497,498],{},"haya dicho",[124,500,501,504,507],{},[143,502,503],{},"escribir",[143,505,506],{},"escrito",[143,508,509],{},"haya escrito",[124,511,512,515,518],{},[143,513,514],{},"hacer",[143,516,517],{},"hecho",[143,519,520],{},"haya hecho",[124,522,523,526,529],{},[143,524,525],{},"morir",[143,527,528],{},"muerto",[143,530,531],{},"haya muerto",[124,533,534,537,540],{},[143,535,536],{},"poner",[143,538,539],{},"puesto",[143,541,542],{},"haya puesto",[124,544,545,548,551],{},[143,546,547],{},"resolver",[143,549,550],{},"resuelto",[143,552,553],{},"haya resuelto",[124,555,556,559,562],{},[143,557,558],{},"romper",[143,560,561],{},"roto",[143,563,564],{},"haya roto",[124,566,567,570,573],{},[143,568,569],{},"ver",[143,571,572],{},"visto",[143,574,575],{},"haya visto",[124,577,578,581,584],{},[143,579,580],{},"volver",[143,582,583],{},"vuelto",[143,585,586],{},"haya vuelto",[124,588,589,592,595],{},[143,590,591],{},"devolver",[143,593,594],{},"devuelto",[143,596,597],{},"haya devuelto",[197,599,601],{"id":600},"participles-with-hiatus","Participles with hiatus",[14,603,604,605,608,609,612,613,616],{},"\n    In verbs like ",[23,606,607],{},"oír, creer, leer, caer, traer",", the participle\n    carries an accent on the ",[23,610,611],{},"í",": ",[23,614,615],{},"haya oído, haya creído, haya\n    leído, haya caído, haya traído",".\n  ",[10,618,12,619,12,623,12,639],{},[90,620,622],{"id":621},"what-is-the-difference-between-perfecto-and-pluscuamperfecto-de-subjuntivo","What is the difference between Perfecto and Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo?",[14,624,16,625,627,628,631,632,627,635,638],{},[18,626,419],{}," describes an action\n    ",[23,629,630],{},"connected to the present"," or to the future; the\n    ",[18,633,634],{},"Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo",[23,636,637],{},"prior to another past moment",", usually hypothetical.\n  ",[113,640,42,641,12],{},[116,642,118,643,118,656,42],{},[120,644,122,645,118],{},[124,646,126,647,126,650,126,653,122],{},[128,648,649],{},"Form",[128,651,652],{},"Meaning",[128,654,655],{},"Example",[138,657,122,658,122,669,122,682,118],{},[124,659,660,662,665],{},[143,661,419],{},[143,663,664],{},"completed action connected to now or future",[143,666,667,57],{},[23,668,56],{},[124,670,671,673,676],{},[143,672,634],{},[143,674,675],{},"action finished before another past one",[143,677,678,681],{},[23,679,680],{},"No creía que hubiera llegado"," (I didn't think he had arrived)",[124,683,684,687,690],{},[143,685,686],{},"Imperfecto de Subjuntivo",[143,688,689],{},"unfinished action or hypothesis",[143,691,692,695],{},[23,693,694],{},"No creía que llegara"," (I didn't think he would arrive)",[10,697,12,698,12,702,12,726],{},[90,699,701],{"id":700},"how-do-you-choose-between-indicative-and-subjunctive-in-compound-sentences","How do you choose between indicative and subjunctive in compound sentences?",[14,703,704,705,107,708,711,712,715,716,107,719,722,723,725],{},"\n    If the main verb expresses ",[23,706,707],{},"certainty",[23,709,710],{},"affirmation",",\n    use the indicative (",[23,713,714],{},"he hablado","); if it expresses ",[23,717,718],{},"doubt,\n    wish, emotion, judgment",[23,720,721],{},"denial",", use the subjunctive\n    (",[23,724,228],{},").\n  ",[113,727,42,728,12],{},[116,729,118,730,118,742,42],{},[120,731,122,732,118],{},[124,733,126,734,126,737,126,740,122],{},[128,735,736],{},"Main verb",[128,738,739],{},"Mood",[128,741,655],{},[138,743,122,744,122,758,122,772,122,785,118],{},[124,745,746,749,752],{},[143,747,748],{},"Creo que / es verdad que",[143,750,751],{},"indicative",[143,753,754,757],{},[23,755,756],{},"Creo que ha llegado"," (I think he has arrived)",[124,759,760,763,766],{},[143,761,762],{},"No creo que / dudo que",[143,764,765],{},"subjunctive",[143,767,768,771],{},[23,769,770],{},"No creo que haya llegado"," (I don't think he has arrived)",[124,773,774,777,779],{},[143,775,776],{},"Espero que / ojalá",[143,778,765],{},[143,780,781,784],{},[23,782,783],{},"Espero que hayas terminado"," (I hope you have finished)",[124,786,787,790,792],{},[143,788,789],{},"Me alegro de que / es una pena que",[143,791,765],{},[143,793,794,50],{},[23,795,49],{},[10,797,12,798],{},[14,799,800,801,804],{},"\n    Want to ",[18,802,803],{},"practice"," the Perfecto de Subjuntivo? In our app\n    you can conjugate verbs with interactive exercises and compare it with the\n    Presente, Imperfecto, and Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo.\n  ",[14,806,807],{},[75,808,86],{"href":77,"className":809},[79,80,81,82,83,84,85],{"title":811,"searchDepth":812,"depth":812,"links":813},"",2,[814,818,824,827,828],{"id":92,"depth":812,"text":93,"children":815},[816],{"id":199,"depth":817,"text":200},3,{"id":303,"depth":812,"text":304,"children":819},[820,821,822,823],{"id":317,"depth":817,"text":318},{"id":339,"depth":817,"text":340},{"id":362,"depth":817,"text":363},{"id":386,"depth":817,"text":387},{"id":412,"depth":812,"text":413,"children":825},[826],{"id":600,"depth":817,"text":601},{"id":621,"depth":812,"text":622},{"id":700,"depth":812,"text":701},"Learn the Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo in Spanish: haya + participle. Rules, irregular participles, examples, and the difference from the Imperfecto and Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo.","md",{"keywords":832},[20,419,833,228,834,835,836,837],"perfect subjunctive Spanish","espero que hayas","irregular participles","compound subjunctive","Spanish conjugation practice",true,"/perfecto-subjuntivo/en",{"title":5,"description":829},"perfecto-subjuntivo/en","P93Mvs6LuFkyFGTywT4HQ8TMILGHLKjvab-p4OllFfE",1780262142400]