[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1118},["ShallowReactive",2],{"participio-es":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1101,"extension":1102,"meta":1103,"navigation":1113,"path":1114,"seo":1115,"stem":1116,"__hash__":1117},"content/participio/es.md","Participio: ¿qué es y cómo se forma?",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1082},"minimark",[9,97,112,169,429,686,930,1077],[10,11,12,13,12,62],"section",{},"\n  ",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25,26,30,31,34,35,38,39,42,43,46,47,46,50,53,54,57,58,61],"p",{},"\n    El ",[18,19,20],"strong",{},"Participio"," es una ",[18,23,24],{},"forma no personal del\n    verbo",": en su uso verbal (con ",[27,28,29],"em",{},"haber",") no varía por\n    persona ni número y termina en ",[27,32,33],{},"-ado"," (verbos en -ar) o\n    ",[27,36,37],{},"-ido"," (verbos en -er / -ir). Es la forma necesaria para\n    construir todos los ",[18,40,41],{},"tiempos compuestos"," (",[27,44,45],{},"he\n    hablado",", ",[27,48,49],{},"había comido",[27,51,52],{},"habrá vivido",") y para\n    formar la voz pasiva (",[27,55,56],{},"es escrito por María","). Como adjetivo,\n    concuerda en género y número (",[27,59,60],{},"casa pintada, libros leídos",").\n  ",[63,64,65,66,65,73,65,79,65,85,65,91,12],"ul",{},"\n    ",[67,68,69,70],"li",{},"Tiempos compuestos: ",[27,71,72],{},"He hablado con María",[67,74,75,76],{},"Pasiva con ser: ",[27,77,78],{},"La novela es escrita por el autor",[67,80,81,82],{},"Resultado con estar: ",[27,83,84],{},"La puerta está cerrada",[67,86,87,88],{},"Como adjetivo: ",[27,89,90],{},"una carta escrita a mano",[67,92,93,94],{},"Construcción absoluta: ",[27,95,96],{},"Acabada la reunión, todos se fueron",[14,98,99],{},[100,101,111],"a",{"href":102,"className":103},"/dashboard",[104,105,106,107,108,109,110],"btn","btn-primary","btn-lg","px-4","py-2","d-inline-block","mb-4","Practicar Participio",[10,113,12,114,12,119,12,151],{},[115,116,118],"h2",{"id":117},"qué-es-el-participio","¿Qué es el Participio?",[14,120,16,121,123,124,127,128,131,132,135,136,139,140,143,144,147,148,150],{},[18,122,20],{}," es una de las tres ",[18,125,126],{},"formas no\n    personales"," del verbo, junto con el ",[27,129,130],{},"infinitivo","\n    (hablar, comer, vivir) y el ",[27,133,134],{},"gerundio"," (hablando, comiendo,\n    viviendo). A diferencia de las formas conjugadas, el participio\n    ",[18,137,138],{},"no se conjuga por persona",": ",[27,141,142],{},"hablado"," sirve\n    para ",[27,145,146],{},"yo, tú, él, nosotros, vosotros, ellos"," cuando se usa\n    con ",[27,149,29],{},".\n  ",[14,152,153,154,157,158,161,162,165,166,150],{},"\n    El participio tiene una ",[18,155,156],{},"doble naturaleza",": funciona\n    como ",[27,159,160],{},"verbo"," en los tiempos compuestos y en la pasiva, y como\n    ",[27,163,164],{},"adjetivo"," cuando califica a un sustantivo. En el uso\n    adjetivo concuerda en género y número, igual que cualquier\n    adjetivo: ",[27,167,168],{},"cerrado, cerrada, cerrados, cerradas",[10,170,12,171,12,175,12,178,12,237,12,242,12,336,12,340,12,358,12,412],{},[115,172,174],{"id":173},"cómo-se-forma-el-participio","¿Cómo se forma el Participio?",[14,176,177],{},"La regla general depende de la terminación del infinitivo:",[179,180,65,181,12],"div",{},[182,183,184,185,184,203,65],"table",{},"\n      ",[186,187,188,189,184],"thead",{},"\n        ",[190,191,192,193,192,197,192,200,188],"tr",{},"\n          ",[194,195,196],"th",{},"Grupo",[194,198,199],{},"Terminación",[194,201,202],{},"Ejemplo",[204,205,188,206,188,217,188,227,184],"tbody",{},[190,207,208,212,214],{},[209,210,211],"td",{},"-ar",[209,213,33],{},[209,215,216],{},"hablar → hablado",[190,218,219,222,224],{},[209,220,221],{},"-er",[209,223,37],{},[209,225,226],{},"comer → comido",[190,228,229,232,234],{},[209,230,231],{},"-ir",[209,233,37],{},[209,235,236],{},"vivir → vivido",[238,239,241],"h3",{"id":240},"verbos-regulares-hablar-comer-vivir","Verbos regulares: hablar, comer, vivir",[179,243,65,244,12],{},[182,245,184,246,184,257,65],{},[186,247,188,248,184],{},[190,249,192,250,192,253,192,255,188],{},[194,251,252],{},"Infinitivo",[194,254,20],{},[194,256,202],{},[204,258,188,259,188,271,188,284,188,297,188,310,188,323,184],{},[190,260,261,264,266],{},[209,262,263],{},"hablar",[209,265,142],{},[209,267,268],{},[27,269,270],{},"He hablado con tu padre",[190,272,273,276,279],{},[209,274,275],{},"trabajar",[209,277,278],{},"trabajado",[209,280,281],{},[27,282,283],{},"Han trabajado mucho",[190,285,286,289,292],{},[209,287,288],{},"comer",[209,290,291],{},"comido",[209,293,294],{},[27,295,296],{},"¿Has comido ya?",[190,298,299,302,305],{},[209,300,301],{},"beber",[209,303,304],{},"bebido",[209,306,307],{},[27,308,309],{},"Hemos bebido agua",[190,311,312,315,318],{},[209,313,314],{},"vivir",[209,316,317],{},"vivido",[209,319,320],{},[27,321,322],{},"He vivido en Madrid",[190,324,325,328,331],{},[209,326,327],{},"recibir",[209,329,330],{},"recibido",[209,332,333],{},[27,334,335],{},"No he recibido tu carta",[238,337,339],{"id":338},"participios-con-tilde-hiato","Participios con tilde (hiato)",[14,341,342,343,346,347,350,351,353,354,357],{},"\n    Cuando la raíz de un verbo en -er / -ir termina en ",[18,344,345],{},"vocal\n    fuerte"," (a, e, o), la ",[27,348,349],{},"i"," de ",[27,352,37],{}," lleva\n    ",[18,355,356],{},"tilde"," para marcar el hiato:\n  ",[179,359,65,360,12],{},[182,361,184,362,184,370,65],{},[186,363,188,364,184],{},[190,365,366,368],{},[194,367,252],{},[194,369,20],{},[204,371,188,372,188,380,188,388,188,396,188,404,184],{},[190,373,374,377],{},[209,375,376],{},"leer",[209,378,379],{},"leído",[190,381,382,385],{},[209,383,384],{},"creer",[209,386,387],{},"creído",[190,389,390,393],{},[209,391,392],{},"caer",[209,394,395],{},"caído",[190,397,398,401],{},[209,399,400],{},"traer",[209,402,403],{},"traído",[190,405,406,409],{},[209,407,408],{},"oír",[209,410,411],{},"oído",[14,413,65,414,417,418,421,422,425,426,150],{},[18,415,416],{},"Excepción:"," si la raíz termina en vocal débil\n    (",[27,419,420],{},"i, u","), ",[18,423,424],{},"no"," hay tilde: ",[27,427,428],{},"huir → huido,\n    construir → construido, destruir → destruido",[10,430,12,431,12,435,12,438],{},[115,432,434],{"id":433},"cuáles-son-los-participios-irregulares","¿Cuáles son los participios irregulares?",[14,436,437],{},"\n    Estos verbos tienen un participio que no se forma con la regla\n    regular. Hay que aprenderlos de memoria:\n  ",[179,439,65,440,12],{},[182,441,184,442,184,453,65],{},[186,443,188,444,184],{},[190,445,192,446,192,448,192,450,188],{},[194,447,252],{},[194,449,20],{},[194,451,452],{},"Significado",[204,454,188,455,188,466,188,477,188,488,188,499,188,510,188,521,188,532,188,543,188,554,188,565,188,576,188,587,188,598,188,609,188,620,188,631,188,642,188,653,188,664,188,675,184],{},[190,456,457,460,463],{},[209,458,459],{},"abrir",[209,461,462],{},"abierto",[209,464,465],{},"opened",[190,467,468,471,474],{},[209,469,470],{},"cubrir",[209,472,473],{},"cubierto",[209,475,476],{},"covered",[190,478,479,482,485],{},[209,480,481],{},"descubrir",[209,483,484],{},"descubierto",[209,486,487],{},"discovered",[190,489,490,493,496],{},[209,491,492],{},"decir",[209,494,495],{},"dicho",[209,497,498],{},"said",[190,500,501,504,507],{},[209,502,503],{},"escribir",[209,505,506],{},"escrito",[209,508,509],{},"written",[190,511,512,515,518],{},[209,513,514],{},"describir",[209,516,517],{},"descrito",[209,519,520],{},"described",[190,522,523,526,529],{},[209,524,525],{},"hacer",[209,527,528],{},"hecho",[209,530,531],{},"done / made",[190,533,534,537,540],{},[209,535,536],{},"deshacer",[209,538,539],{},"deshecho",[209,541,542],{},"undone",[190,544,545,548,551],{},[209,546,547],{},"morir",[209,549,550],{},"muerto",[209,552,553],{},"died",[190,555,556,559,562],{},[209,557,558],{},"poner",[209,560,561],{},"puesto",[209,563,564],{},"put",[190,566,567,570,573],{},[209,568,569],{},"suponer",[209,571,572],{},"supuesto",[209,574,575],{},"supposed",[190,577,578,581,584],{},[209,579,580],{},"componer",[209,582,583],{},"compuesto",[209,585,586],{},"composed",[190,588,589,592,595],{},[209,590,591],{},"disponer",[209,593,594],{},"dispuesto",[209,596,597],{},"arranged",[190,599,600,603,606],{},[209,601,602],{},"resolver",[209,604,605],{},"resuelto",[209,607,608],{},"solved",[190,610,611,614,617],{},[209,612,613],{},"romper",[209,615,616],{},"roto",[209,618,619],{},"broken",[190,621,622,625,628],{},[209,623,624],{},"ver",[209,626,627],{},"visto",[209,629,630],{},"seen",[190,632,633,636,639],{},[209,634,635],{},"volver",[209,637,638],{},"vuelto",[209,640,641],{},"returned",[190,643,644,647,650],{},[209,645,646],{},"devolver",[209,648,649],{},"devuelto",[209,651,652],{},"returned (something)",[190,654,655,658,661],{},[209,656,657],{},"envolver",[209,659,660],{},"envuelto",[209,662,663],{},"wrapped",[190,665,666,669,672],{},[209,667,668],{},"freír",[209,670,671],{},"frito",[209,673,674],{},"fried",[190,676,677,680,683],{},[209,678,679],{},"imprimir",[209,681,682],{},"impreso",[209,684,685],{},"printed",[10,687,12,688,12,692,12,695,12,699,12,710,12,770,12,774,12,789,12,818,12,822,12,832,12,858,12,862,12,868,12,897,12,901,12,904],{},[115,689,691],{"id":690},"cuándo-se-usa-el-participio","¿Cuándo se usa el Participio?",[14,693,694],{},"El Participio tiene cinco usos principales:",[238,696,698],{"id":697},"_1-tiempos-compuestos-haber-participio","1. Tiempos compuestos (haber + participio)",[14,700,701,702,705,706,709],{},"\n    El uso más frecuente: ",[27,703,704],{},"haber + participio"," forma todos los\n    tiempos compuestos del verbo. El participio ",[18,707,708],{},"no cambia","\n    (siempre masculino singular):\n  ",[63,711,65,712,65,721,65,730,65,740,65,750,65,760,12],{},[67,713,714,715],{},"Pretérito perfecto: ",[27,716,717,718,720],{},"He ",[18,719,142],{}," con María",[67,722,723,724],{},"Pluscuamperfecto: ",[27,725,726,727,729],{},"Había ",[18,728,291],{}," antes de llegar",[67,731,732,733],{},"Futuro perfecto: ",[27,734,735,736,739],{},"Habré ",[18,737,738],{},"terminado"," mañana",[67,741,742,743],{},"Condicional compuesto: ",[27,744,745,746,749],{},"Habría ",[18,747,748],{},"ido"," contigo",[67,751,752,753],{},"Perfecto de subjuntivo: ",[27,754,755,756,759],{},"Espero que hayas ",[18,757,758],{},"llegado"," bien",[67,761,762,763],{},"Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo: ",[27,764,765,766,769],{},"Si hubiera ",[18,767,768],{},"sabido","…",[238,771,773],{"id":772},"_2-voz-pasiva-ser-participio","2. Voz pasiva (ser + participio)",[14,775,776,777,780,781,784,785,788],{},"\n    Con ",[27,778,779],{},"ser",", el participio forma la ",[18,782,783],{},"pasiva de acción",".\n    Aquí el participio ",[18,786,787],{},"concuerda"," con el sujeto en género\n    y número:\n  ",[63,790,65,791,65,800,65,809,12],{},[67,792,793],{},[27,794,795,796,799],{},"La novela ",[18,797,798],{},"es escrita"," por el autor",[67,801,802],{},[27,803,804,805,808],{},"Los libros ",[18,806,807],{},"son leídos"," en clase",[67,810,811],{},[27,812,813,814,817],{},"Las cartas ",[18,815,816],{},"fueron enviadas"," ayer",[238,819,821],{"id":820},"_3-pasiva-resultativa-estar-participio","3. Pasiva resultativa (estar + participio)",[14,823,776,824,827,828,831],{},[27,825,826],{},"estar",", el participio expresa un ",[18,829,830],{},"resultado o\n    estado",". También concuerda en género y número:\n  ",[63,833,65,834,65,842,65,850,12],{},[67,835,836],{},[27,837,838,839],{},"La puerta ",[18,840,841],{},"está cerrada",[67,843,844],{},[27,845,846,847],{},"Los platos ",[18,848,849],{},"están lavados",[67,851,852],{},[27,853,854,855],{},"Las ventanas ",[18,856,857],{},"están abiertas",[238,859,861],{"id":860},"_4-como-adjetivo","4. Como adjetivo",[14,863,864,865,867],{},"\n    El participio puede funcionar como un adjetivo cualquiera y\n    ",[18,866,787],{}," con el sustantivo:\n  ",[63,869,65,870,65,879,65,888,12],{},[67,871,872],{},[27,873,874,875,878],{},"una casa ",[18,876,877],{},"pintada"," de blanco",[67,880,881],{},[27,882,883,884,887],{},"los libros ",[18,885,886],{},"leídos"," el año pasado",[67,889,890],{},[27,891,892,893,896],{},"las cartas ",[18,894,895],{},"escritas"," a mano",[238,898,900],{"id":899},"_5-construcciones-absolutas","5. Construcciones absolutas",[14,902,903],{},"\n    El participio puede introducir cláusulas absolutas que expresan tiempo,\n    causa o circunstancia:\n  ",[63,905,65,906,65,914,65,922,12],{},[67,907,908],{},[27,909,910,913],{},[18,911,912],{},"Acabada"," la reunión, todos se fueron",[67,915,916],{},[27,917,918,921],{},[18,919,920],{},"Cerrada"," la puerta, nadie podía entrar",[67,923,924],{},[27,925,926,929],{},[18,927,928],{},"Dicho"," esto, me voy",[10,931,12,932,12,936,12,939,12,1015,12,1030],{},[115,933,935],{"id":934},"cómo-se-diferencian-el-participio-adjetivo-y-el-participio-verbal","¿Cómo se diferencian el participio adjetivo y el participio verbal?",[14,937,938],{},"\n    Es importante distinguir los dos usos porque la concordancia es\n    distinta:\n  ",[179,940,65,941,12],{},[182,942,184,943,184,955,65],{},[186,944,188,945,184],{},[190,946,192,947,192,950,192,953,188],{},[194,948,949],{},"Uso",[194,951,952],{},"Concuerda",[194,954,202],{},[204,956,188,957,188,973,188,988,188,1002,184],{},[190,958,959,962,965],{},[209,960,961],{},"Con haber (verbal)",[209,963,964],{},"NO",[209,966,967],{},[27,968,969,970,972],{},"Hemos ",[18,971,506],{}," tres cartas",[190,974,975,978,981],{},[209,976,977],{},"Con ser (pasiva)",[209,979,980],{},"SÍ",[209,982,983],{},[27,984,985,986],{},"Las cartas son ",[18,987,895],{},[190,989,990,993,995],{},[209,991,992],{},"Con estar (resultado)",[209,994,980],{},[209,996,997],{},[27,998,999,1000],{},"Las cartas están ",[18,1001,895],{},[190,1003,1004,1007,1009],{},[209,1005,1006],{},"Adjetivo",[209,1008,980],{},[209,1010,1011],{},[27,1012,892,1013,896],{},[18,1014,895],{},[14,1016,65,1017,1020,1021,1023,1024,1026,1027,1029],{},[18,1018,1019],{},"Atención:"," el participio ",[18,1022,424],{}," se usa\n    con ",[27,1025,826],{}," para formar el progresivo. Para «estoy hablando»\n    se necesita el ",[27,1028,134],{},", no el participio.\n  ",[14,1031,1032,1033,42,1036,1039,1040,1043,1044,1039,1047,42,1050,1039,1053,42,1056,1039,1059,42,1062,1065,1066,1043,1069,1072,1073,1076],{},"\n    El participio aparece en muchos otros tiempos: el ",[27,1034,1035],{},"Pretérito\n    perfecto",[27,1037,1038],{},"he hablado","), el ",[27,1041,1042],{},"Pluscuamperfecto","\n    (",[27,1045,1046],{},"había hablado",[27,1048,1049],{},"Futuro perfecto",[27,1051,1052],{},"habré\n    hablado",[27,1054,1055],{},"Condicional compuesto",[27,1057,1058],{},"habría\n    hablado",[27,1060,1061],{},"Perfecto de subjuntivo",[27,1063,1064],{},"haya\n    hablado",") y el ",[27,1067,1068],{},"Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo",[27,1070,1071],{},"hubiera hablado","). La otra forma no personal del verbo es\n    el ",[27,1074,1075],{},"Gerundio"," (hablando, comiendo, viviendo).\n  ",[14,1078,1079],{},[100,1080,111],{"href":102,"className":1081},[104,105,106,107,108,109,110],{"title":1083,"searchDepth":1084,"depth":1084,"links":1085},"",2,[1086,1087,1092,1093,1100],{"id":117,"depth":1084,"text":118},{"id":173,"depth":1084,"text":174,"children":1088},[1089,1091],{"id":240,"depth":1090,"text":241},3,{"id":338,"depth":1090,"text":339},{"id":433,"depth":1084,"text":434},{"id":690,"depth":1084,"text":691,"children":1094},[1095,1096,1097,1098,1099],{"id":697,"depth":1090,"text":698},{"id":772,"depth":1090,"text":773},{"id":820,"depth":1090,"text":821},{"id":860,"depth":1090,"text":861},{"id":899,"depth":1090,"text":900},{"id":934,"depth":1084,"text":935},"Aprende el Participio en español: forma no personal del verbo (-ado, -ido). Reglas, participios irregulares, usos con haber, ser y estar, y como adjetivo.","md",{"keywords":1104},[20,1105,1106,1107,1108,1109,1110,1111,1112],"participio español","participio pasado","formas no personales","hablado comido vivido","haber participio","abierto escrito hecho visto","participios irregulares","practicar participio",true,"/participio/es",{"title":5,"description":1101},"participio/es","YwOt7ZtAGwUzxGQtlFeOgtiSD8KUdwGcz0n90GU7b_k",1780262142968]