[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":836},["ShallowReactive",2],{"imperativo-afirmativo-ru":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":821,"extension":822,"meta":823,"navigation":831,"path":832,"seo":833,"stem":834,"__hash__":835},"content/imperativo-afirmativo/ru.md","Imperativo afirmativo: как давать команды в испанском?",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":808},"minimark",[9,63,78,159,316,463,623,710,790,803],[10,11,12,13,12,30],"section",{},"\n  ",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25,26,29],"p",{},"\n    ",[18,19,20],"strong",{},"Imperativo afirmativo"," — глагольная форма, которой\n    ",[18,23,24],{},"отдают приказы, дают инструкции и советы"," напрямую. Имеет\n    пять форм (tú, usted, nosotros, vosotros, ustedes); формы ",[18,27,28],{},"yo\n    не существует",".\n  ",[31,32,16,33,16,42,16,49,16,56,12],"ul",{},[34,35,36,37,41],"li",{},"Приказ: ",[38,39,40],"em",{},"¡Cierra la puerta!"," (Закрой дверь!)",[34,43,44,45,48],{},"Инструкция: ",[38,46,47],{},"Pulsa el botón rojo"," (Нажми красную кнопку)",[34,50,51,52,55],{},"Совет: ",[38,53,54],{},"Descansa un poco"," (Отдохни немного)",[34,57,58,59,62],{},"Приглашение: ",[38,60,61],{},"Ven a la fiesta"," (Приходи на вечеринку)",[14,64,65],{},[66,67,77],"a",{"href":68,"className":69},"/dashboard",[70,71,72,73,74,75,76],"btn","btn-primary","btn-lg","px-4","py-2","d-inline-block","mb-4","Открыть тренажер: Imperativo afirmativo",[10,79,12,80,12,85,12,92],{},[81,82,84],"h2",{"id":83},"зачем-нужен-imperativo-afirmativo","Зачем нужен imperativo afirmativo?",[14,86,87,88,91],{},"\n    Используется, когда хотят, чтобы кто-то ",[18,89,90],{},"сделал что-то",".\n    Это самый прямой способ попросить, посоветовать или приказать:\n  ",[31,93,16,94,16,105,16,115,16,125,16,135,16,145,12],{},[34,95,96,97,104],{},"Команды: ",[38,98,99,100,103],{},"¡",[18,101,102],{},"Habla"," más despacio!"," (Говори медленнее!)",[34,106,107,108,114],{},"Просьбы: ",[38,109,110,113],{},[18,111,112],{},"Pasa",", por favor."," (Проходи, пожалуйста.)",[34,116,117,118,124],{},"Указания: ",[38,119,120,123],{},[18,121,122],{},"Gira"," a la derecha."," (Поверни направо.)",[34,126,127,128,134],{},"Рецепты и инструкции: ",[38,129,130,133],{},[18,131,132],{},"Mezcla"," los huevos con harina."," (Смешай яйца с мукой.)",[34,136,137,138,144],{},"Советы: ",[38,139,140,143],{},[18,141,142],{},"Bebe"," mucha agua."," (Пей много воды.)",[34,146,147,148,158],{},"Приглашения: ",[38,149,150,153,154,157],{},[18,151,152],{},"Entra"," y ",[18,155,156],{},"siéntate","."," (Заходи и садись.)",[10,160,12,161,12,165,12,168,12,200,12,297],{},[81,162,164],{"id":163},"как-спрягается-imperativo-afirmativo","Как спрягается imperativo afirmativo?",[14,166,167],{},"\n    Каждое лицо образуется по своему правилу. Запоминать правило по лицам —\n    самый быстрый способ:\n  ",[31,169,16,170,16,176,16,182,16,188,16,194,12],{},[34,171,172,175],{},[18,173,174],{},"tú"," = 3-е лицо ед.ч. presente (habla, come, vive)",[34,177,178,181],{},[18,179,180],{},"usted"," = 3-е лицо ед.ч. presente de subjuntivo (hable, coma, viva)",[34,183,184,187],{},[18,185,186],{},"nosotros"," = 1-е лицо мн.ч. subjuntivo (hablemos, comamos, vivamos)",[34,189,190,193],{},[18,191,192],{},"vosotros"," = инфинитив без -r + -d (hablad, comed, vivid)",[34,195,196,199],{},[18,197,198],{},"ustedes"," = 3-е лицо мн.ч. subjuntivo (hablen, coman, vivan)",[201,202,16,203,12],"div",{},[204,205,206,207,206,228,16],"table",{},"\n      ",[208,209,210,211,206],"thead",{},"\n        ",[212,213,214,215,214,219,214,222,214,225,210],"tr",{},"\n          ",[216,217,218],"th",{},"Лицо",[216,220,221],{},"hablar (-ar)",[216,223,224],{},"comer (-er)",[216,226,227],{},"vivir (-ir)",[229,230,210,231,210,245,210,258,210,271,210,284,206],"tbody",{},[212,232,233,236,239,242],{},[234,235,174],"td",{},[234,237,238],{},"habla",[234,240,241],{},"come",[234,243,244],{},"vive",[212,246,247,249,252,255],{},[234,248,180],{},[234,250,251],{},"hable",[234,253,254],{},"coma",[234,256,257],{},"viva",[212,259,260,262,265,268],{},[234,261,186],{},[234,263,264],{},"hablemos",[234,266,267],{},"comamos",[234,269,270],{},"vivamos",[212,272,273,275,278,281],{},[234,274,192],{},[234,276,277],{},"hablad",[234,279,280],{},"comed",[234,282,283],{},"vivid",[212,285,286,288,291,294],{},[234,287,198],{},[234,289,290],{},"hablen",[234,292,293],{},"coman",[234,295,296],{},"vivan",[14,298,299,300,303,304,307,308,311,312,315],{},"\n    Важное исключение: глагол ",[18,301,302],{},"ir"," в форме nosotros — это\n    ",[18,305,306],{},"vamos",", не ",[38,309,310],{},"vayamos",": ",[38,313,314],{},"¡Vamos al cine!","\n    (Пошли в кино!)\n  ",[10,317,12,318,12,322,12,328,12,457],{},[81,319,321],{"id":320},"какие-8-глаголов-имеют-неправильную-форму-tú","Какие 8 глаголов имеют неправильную форму tú?",[14,323,324,325,327],{},"\n    Восемь очень частотных глаголов имеют особую форму ",[18,326,174],{},".\n    Их надо выучить наизусть:\n  ",[201,329,16,330,12],{},[204,331,206,332,206,344,16],{},[208,333,210,334,206],{},[212,335,214,336,214,339,214,341,210],{},[216,337,338],{},"Инфинитив",[216,340,174],{},[216,342,343],{},"Пример",[229,345,210,346,210,360,210,373,210,387,210,401,210,415,210,429,210,443,206],{},[212,347,348,351,354],{},[234,349,350],{},"ser",[234,352,353],{},"sé",[234,355,99,356,359],{},[18,357,358],{},"Sé"," bueno! (Будь хорошим!)",[212,361,362,364,367],{},[234,363,302],{},[234,365,366],{},"ve",[234,368,99,369,372],{},[18,370,371],{},"Ve"," con cuidado! (Иди осторожно!)",[212,374,375,378,381],{},[234,376,377],{},"hacer",[234,379,380],{},"haz",[234,382,99,383,386],{},[18,384,385],{},"Haz"," los deberes! (Сделай уроки!)",[212,388,389,392,395],{},[234,390,391],{},"decir",[234,393,394],{},"di",[234,396,99,397,400],{},[18,398,399],{},"Di"," la verdad! (Скажи правду!)",[212,402,403,406,409],{},[234,404,405],{},"poner",[234,407,408],{},"pon",[234,410,99,411,414],{},[18,412,413],{},"Pon"," la mesa! (Накрой на стол!)",[212,416,417,420,423],{},[234,418,419],{},"salir",[234,421,422],{},"sal",[234,424,99,425,428],{},[18,426,427],{},"Sal"," de aquí! (Убирайся отсюда!)",[212,430,431,434,437],{},[234,432,433],{},"venir",[234,435,436],{},"ven",[234,438,99,439,442],{},[18,440,441],{},"Ven"," conmigo! (Иди со мной!)",[212,444,445,448,451],{},[234,446,447],{},"tener",[234,449,450],{},"ten",[234,452,99,453,456],{},[18,454,455],{},"Ten"," cuidado! (Будь осторожен!)",[14,458,459,460,29],{},"\n    Остальные лица (usted, nosotros, vosotros, ustedes) образуются от\n    subjuntivo, поэтому тоже неправильные: ",[38,461,462],{},"haz / haga / hagamos /\n    haced / hagan",[10,464,12,465,12,469,12,484,12,587,12,592,12,612],{},[81,466,468],{"id":467},"как-меняются-глаголы-с-чередованием-гласной-eie-oue-ei","Как меняются глаголы с чередованием гласной (e→ie, o→ue, e→i)?",[14,470,471,472,475,476,479,480,483],{},"\n    Глаголы с ",[18,473,474],{},"дифтонгом"," в presente сохраняют изменение в\n    формах ",[18,477,478],{},"tú, usted и ustedes",", но ",[18,481,482],{},"не","\n    в nosotros и vosotros:\n  ",[201,485,16,486,12],{},[204,487,206,488,206,505,16],{},[208,489,210,490,206],{},[212,491,214,492,214,495,214,497,214,499,214,501,214,503,210],{},[216,493,494],{},"Глагол",[216,496,174],{},[216,498,180],{},[216,500,186],{},[216,502,192],{},[216,504,198],{},[229,506,210,507,210,527,210,547,210,567,206],{},[212,508,509,512,515,518,521,524],{},[234,510,511],{},"cerrar (e→ie)",[234,513,514],{},"cierra",[234,516,517],{},"cierre",[234,519,520],{},"cerremos",[234,522,523],{},"cerrad",[234,525,526],{},"cierren",[212,528,529,532,535,538,541,544],{},[234,530,531],{},"volver (o→ue)",[234,533,534],{},"vuelve",[234,536,537],{},"vuelva",[234,539,540],{},"volvamos",[234,542,543],{},"volved",[234,545,546],{},"vuelvan",[212,548,549,552,555,558,561,564],{},[234,550,551],{},"pedir (e→i)",[234,553,554],{},"pide",[234,556,557],{},"pida",[234,559,560],{},"pidamos",[234,562,563],{},"pedid",[234,565,566],{},"pidan",[212,568,569,572,575,578,581,584],{},[234,570,571],{},"dormir (o→ue)",[234,573,574],{},"duerme",[234,576,577],{},"duerma",[234,579,580],{},"durmamos",[234,582,583],{},"dormid",[234,585,586],{},"duerman",[588,589,591],"h3",{"id":590},"орфографические-изменения-в-ar-глаголах","Орфографические изменения в -ar глаголах",[31,593,16,594,16,600,16,606,12],{},[34,595,596,597],{},"-gar → -gu- перед e: ",[38,598,599],{},"llegar → llegue, lleguemos, lleguen",[34,601,602,603],{},"-car → -qu- перед e: ",[38,604,605],{},"buscar → busque, busquemos, busquen",[34,607,608,609],{},"-zar → -c- перед e: ",[38,610,611],{},"empezar → empiece, empecemos, empiecen",[14,613,614,615,618,619,622],{},"\n    Внимание: орфографическое изменение затрагивает usted, nosotros и ustedes,\n    но ",[18,616,617],{},"не tú"," (она совпадает с presente: ",[38,620,621],{},"llega, busca,\n    empieza",").\n  ",[10,624,12,625,12,629,12,642,12,675,12,688],{},[81,626,628],{"id":627},"как-образуется-форма-vosotros","Как образуется форма vosotros?",[14,630,631,632,634,635,638,639,29],{},"\n    Форма ",[18,633,192],{}," очень регулярная во всех глаголах:\n    отбрасываем ",[18,636,637],{},"-r"," от инфинитива и добавляем ",[18,640,641],{},"-d",[31,643,16,644,16,650,16,655,16,660,16,665,16,670,12],{},[34,645,646,647],{},"hablar → habla",[18,648,649],{},"d",[34,651,652,653],{},"comer → come",[18,654,649],{},[34,656,657,658],{},"vivir → vivi",[18,659,649],{},[34,661,662,663],{},"ir → i",[18,664,649],{},[34,666,667,668],{},"tener → tene",[18,669,649],{},[34,671,672,673],{},"hacer → hace",[18,674,649],{},[14,676,677,678,311,681,683,684,687],{},"\n    Исключение с ",[18,679,680],{},"возвратными глаголами",[18,682,641],{},"\n    пропадает при добавлении местоимения ",[38,685,686],{},"os",":\n  ",[31,689,16,690,16,700,16,705,12],{},[34,691,692,693,695,696,699],{},"levantarse → levanta",[18,694,686],{}," (не ",[38,697,698],{},"levantados",")",[34,701,702,703],{},"callarse → calla",[18,704,686],{},[34,706,707,708],{},"sentarse → senta",[18,709,686],{},[10,711,12,712,12,716,12,726,12,763,12,772],{},[81,713,715],{"id":714},"куда-ставить-местоимения-в-imperativo-afirmativo","Куда ставить местоимения в imperativo afirmativo?",[14,717,718,719,722,723,687],{},"\n    В утвердительном императиве безударные местоимения (me, te, se, lo, la, le,\n    nos, os, les) ",[18,720,721],{},"приклеиваются"," к концу глагола, образуя одно\n    слово. Если при этом смещается ударение, ставится ",[18,724,725],{},"тильда",[31,727,16,728,16,735,16,742,16,749,16,756,12],{},[34,729,730,731,734],{},"dar → ",[18,732,733],{},"dame"," (¡Dame el libro! — Дай мне книгу!)",[34,736,737,738,741],{},"decir → ",[18,739,740],{},"dímelo"," (¡Dímelo ya! — Скажи мне уже!)",[34,743,744,745,748],{},"levantar → ",[18,746,747],{},"levántate"," (¡Levántate! — Вставай!)",[34,750,751,752,755],{},"sentar → ",[18,753,754],{},"siéntese"," (¡Siéntese, por favor! — Садитесь, пожалуйста!)",[34,757,758,759,762],{},"contar → ",[18,760,761],{},"cuéntame"," (¡Cuéntame todo! — Расскажи мне всё!)",[14,764,765,766,768,769,687],{},"\n    В форме ",[18,767,186],{}," с возвратным местоимением пропадает\n    ",[18,770,771],{},"-s",[31,773,16,774,16,783,12],{},[34,775,776,777,695,780,699],{},"levantarnos → ",[18,778,779],{},"levantémonos",[38,781,782],{},"levantémosnos",[34,784,785,786,789],{},"irnos → ",[18,787,788],{},"vámonos"," (Пошли!)",[10,791,12,792],{},[14,793,794,795,798,799,29],{},"\n    Хотите ",[18,796,797],{},"тренировать"," imperativo afirmativo? В нашей app\n    можно спрягать глаголы с помощью интерактивных упражнений и сравнивать\n    утвердительные формы с ",[66,800,802],{"href":801},"/ru/imperativo-negativo-otritsatelnoe","отрицательным императивом",[14,804,805],{},[66,806,77],{"href":68,"className":807},[70,71,72,73,74,75,76],{"title":809,"searchDepth":810,"depth":810,"links":811},"",2,[812,813,814,815,819,820],{"id":83,"depth":810,"text":84},{"id":163,"depth":810,"text":164},{"id":320,"depth":810,"text":321},{"id":467,"depth":810,"text":468,"children":816},[817],{"id":590,"depth":818,"text":591},3,{"id":627,"depth":810,"text":628},{"id":714,"depth":810,"text":715},"Как образуется и употребляется imperativo afirmativo. Правила для tú, vosotros и ustedes, неправильные глаголы и местоимения с акцентами.","md",{"keywords":824},[825,826,827,828,829,830],"imperativo afirmativo","повелительное наклонение испанский","команды испанский","habla come vive","приказы испанский","спряжение императива",true,"/imperativo-afirmativo/ru",{"title":5,"description":821},"imperativo-afirmativo/ru","9ia9FwJ-WqkKW_G5vmqWcscaG-f3wuv3lIbWDotU8Sk",1780262142944]